Canada’s Foreign Policy in the 21st Century

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China’s rise poses new dilemmas, balancing trade opportunities with concerns over human rights and security. Relations with Russia have also deteriorated, particularly after its aggression in Ukraine. Canada has responded with sanctions, aid, and vocal support for international law.

In an increasingly multipolar world, Canada faces the challenge of defining its global role. As larger powers dominate the international agenda, Canada must leverage diplomacy, alliances, and moral authority to remain relevant. The question remains whether Canada will continue to be seen as a middle power championing multilateralism, or whether shifting geopolitics will demand a new foreign policy identity.