Canada’s Foreign Policy in the 21st Century

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Canadian foreign policy is often described as a blend of pragmatism, multilateralism, and commitment to liberal values. Canada’s role on the global stage has evolved from a loyal partner of Britain, to a middle power closely tied to the United States, to a country seeking influence through diplomacy, peacekeeping, and soft power.

The 21st century has presented new challenges. Canada’s proximity and economic integration with the United States mean that bilateral relations dominate foreign policy. Trade agreements such as NAFTA and its successor, CUSMA, illustrate this dependence. At the same time, disagreements over issues like defense spending, tariffs, and climate policy demonstrate the complexity of the relationship.